Markers of endothelial function in the early stages of essential hypertension and the effect of antihypertensive therapy

A. Remková, M. Remko

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1210-1216  

Objective:Endothelial abnormalities appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic/atherothrombotic complications of hypertension. They may contribute to the increased risk and severity of target organ damage. The aim of the study was to investigate the endothelial markers in patients at the early stages of mild-to-moderate untreated hypertension with low-to-moderate added risk, and the effect of antihypertensive therapy by perindopril, telmisartan or rilmenidine on endothelial function. Subjects and methods:The measurements were carried out in 54 previously untreated hypertensive patients before and after one...

Doporučený postup pro indikaci molekulárně genetických vyšetření v rámci diagnostiky trombofilních stavů v žilním systému

J. Kvasnička

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1251  

HIV lipodystrophy

S. Snopková, M. Matýšková, K. Povolná, P. Polák, P. Husa

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1217-1222  

Combined antiretroviral therapy results in extraordinary decrease of morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients and in an essential change of the HIV/AIDS disease prognosis. However, long-term intake of antiretroviral medicaments is related to occurrence of metabolic and morphological abnormalities, of which some have been combined into a new syndrome - the so called HIV lipodystrophy. The HIV lipodystrophy syndrome covers metabolic and morphological changes. Metabolic changes include dyslipidaemia with hypercholesterolaemia and/or hypertriglyceridaemia, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlaktataemia. Morphological changes have...

Metformin as the first line antidiabetic agent

Š. Svačina

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1225-1227  

Metformin is considered to be the only drug suitable in patients with prediabetes and is the drug of choice in patients with type 2 diabetes. Apart from important antidiabetic effect, it also has some important additional effects: reduced incidence of tumours, positive effects on cardiovascular system, stimulation of immunity, positive effects on the bone, effect on ovulation, influence over body weight reduction, pancreas-protective effects (reduced incidence of carcinoma and possible effect on reduction in incidence of pancreatitis during incretin treatment), positive effects on liver steatosis. Since diabetes patients live with increased cardiovascular...

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis - evaluation of the disease activity and treatment response using PET-CT (SUV_max Pulmo/SUV_max Hepar index). Description of own experience and literature review

Z. Adam, Z. Řehák, R. Koukalová, P. Szturz, T. Nebeský, J. Neubauer, M. Krejčí, L. Pour, I. Hanke, M. Doubková, Z. Merta, R. Hájek, J. Mayer

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1228-1250  

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) manifests with dyspnoea and a cough with no significant expectoration, with spontaneous pneumothorax being the first symptom in some patients. The disease is caused by multiple granulomas in terminal bronchioles, visible on high resolution CT (HRCT) as nodules. During the further course of the disease, these nodules progress through cavitating nodules into thick-walled and, subsequently, thin-walled cysts. LCH may affect the lungs only or multiple organs simultaneously. Pulmonary LCH may continually progress or remit spontaneously. Treatment is indicated in patients in whom pulmonary involvement is associated...

Marek J et al. Farmakoterapie vnitřních nemocí. 4. zcela přepracované a doplněné vydání. Praha: Grada Publishing 2010. Počet stran 777. ISBN 978-80-247-2639-7

Vlastimil Ščudla

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1256  

Olejárová M. Biologická léčba v revmatologii. Praha: Mladá fronta 2010. Počet stran 151. ISBN 978-80-204-2281-1

Petr Němec

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1257  

Prof. MUDr. Ctirad John, DrSc. - doyen českých a slovenských lékařských mikrobiologů a imunologů

J. Lokaj

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1254-1255  

Prof. MUDr. RNDr. Luboslav Stárka, DrSc., osmdesátníkem

V. Zamrazil

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1261  

Influence of jodine saturation on thyreopathy incidence in selected regions of the Czech Republic

M. Dvořáková, M. Hill, J. Čeřovská, R. Bílek, P. Hoskovcová, V. Zamrazil

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1262-1270  

Thyreopathy - a disorder of thyroid gland - is, together with diabetes, one of the most common endocrine diseases and, similarly to other endocrinopathies, higher prevalence is seen in women than in men. When eliminating iodine deficiency, it should to be taken into account that the mean ioduria in the general population reaches 100-200 μg/l, just 1.3% of the population does not reach ioduria of 50 μg/l and the prevalence of goitre in school children declines below 5%. The 1991 and1997 period was a period of slight iodine deficiency (ioduria < 100 μg/l) and was followed, between 1998 and 2006, by a period of optimum iodine saturation (ioduria...

Activity of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

R. Imrich

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1271-1273  

The controlled data accumulated so far support only subtle alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mainly at the adrenal level, and particularly in a subset of premenopausal onset women. Consequences of the subtle HPA alterations in RA for the disease development remain unclear. From a broader perspective, the unresponsiveness of the HPA axis to chronic inflammation in RA can be simply considered an ongoing adaptation to chronic disease.

Evaluation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis

J. Kerlik, J. Rovenský, M. Vogeser, M. Vlček, R. Imrich, A. Penesová, Ž. Rádiková

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1274-1278  

Introduction:Cortisol levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are considered inadequate to ongoing inflammation. One possible mechanism of the relative cortisol deficit can be decreased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11BHSD1) activity, an enzyme that converts inactive cortisone to active cortisol. The aim of the study was to determine systemic and local activity of 11BHSD1 in female patients with RA. Methods:Six female RA patients without glucocorticoid therapy (age 29 ± 2 years, BMI 21 ± 1 kg/m²) and six healthy women (age 30 ± 2 years, BMI 21 ± 1 kg/m²)...

Genetic background of adrenal cortex tumours - news

A. Kreze jr., P. Vaňuga, M. Pura

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1279-1285  

This review has summarized the current knowledge of the genetic background of tumors originating from adrenocortical tissue, manifested as a part of inherited or familial syndromes, as well as specific forms of sporadic tumors caused by aberrant expression of G-protein coupled receptors.

Immunoendocrine associations in adrenal glands

I. Šterzl, P. Hrdá

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1286-1291  

Immune and endocrine systems are basic regulatory mechanisms of organism and, including the nervous system, maintain the organism's homeostasis. The main immune system representatives are mononuclear cells, T- and B-cells and their products, in the endocrine system the main representatives are cells of the glands with inner secretion and their products. One of the most important glands for maintaining homeostasis are adrenal glands. It has been proven that either cells of the immune system, either endocrine cells can, although in trace amounts, produce mutually mediators of both systems (hormones, cytokines). Disorders in one system can lead to pathological...

Extremly low SHBG level in consequence of Pro156Leu SHBG polymorphism - case reports of two women with polycystic ovary syndrome

M. Vaňková, S. Pražáková, P. Lukášová, J. Včelák, D. Vejražková, O. Bradnová, K. Dvořáková, J. Vrbíková, B. Bendlová

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1292-1295  

Presented case reports illustrate clinical manifestations of two women with polycystic ovary syndrome who had extremly low serum SHBG levels (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin) due to homozygote carriership of the rare Pro156Leu SHBG polymorphism.

Genetic background of tumors originating from adrenomedullar and extraadrenal chromaffin tissue - update

P. Vaňuga, M. Pura, A. Kreze jr.

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1296-1302  

It is anticipated that an inherited/familial forms of pheochromocytomas cause approximately 20% of all pheochromocytomas. Therefore, the classic "rule of 10" axioma used to remember the key features of disorder is invalid. Various mutations in several genes have been identified, which underly syndromes with paragangliomas and/or pheochromocytomas. The more candidate genes, the less numbers of patients with apparently sporadic forms of the disorder. This review has summarized the current knowledge of the genetic background of tumors orginating from adrenomedullar and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue.

Birth weight and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes in Czech population

D. Vejražková, M. Vaňková, P. Lukášová, J. Včelák, O. Bradnová, S. Pražáková, H. Kvasničková, B. Bendlová

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1303-1309  

Introduction:Birth weight is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and other late-onset metabolic diseases. Reduced birth weight is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Also high birth weight represents risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes later in life. In this study, we investigate whether type 2 diabetes risk-confering alleles and biochemical as well as anthropometrical type 2 diabetes risk markers associate with birth weight in our Czech cohort. Results:Association between high birth weight and higher BMI in adulthood was found. Low birth weight was...

Iodine deficiency in the world and in the Czech Republic - current status and perspectives

V. Zamrazil, R. Bílek, J. Čeřovská, M. Dvořáková, J. Němeček

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1310-1315  

Iodopenia is importance world-wide problem - the cause of spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). The "simple" way for its compensation is iodine supplementation - preferably by iodinization of salt: in the Czech Republic prevalence of IDD was very high in the past. The complex program for compensation of iodine deficiency realized in the CR includes improvement of salt iodization, supplementation of pregnant and lactating women, fortification of products for babies' nutrition and increasing use of iodinized salt in general population incl. food industry. Thus CR is country with compensated iodine deficiency according to criteria WHO, UNICEF,...

Klinické fórum expertov: Diagnostika a liečba akútnych porfýrií. 11.-12. júna 2010, Paríž (Francúzsko)

M. Mydlík

Vnitr Lek 2010, 56(12):1252-1253