Gen pro FTO a jeho role v genetické determinaci obezity - editorial

L. Dušátková, V. Hainer

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):177-178  

The seroprevalence of HCV among injecting drug users in the years 2004-2008 in Slovakia

K. Gazdíková, F. Gazdík, I. Kajaba, D. Hučková, Ľ. Okruhlica, D. Farkašová

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):179-182  

Introduction:Virus of hepatitis C (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and cancer, and the most common indication for liver transplantation. In industrialised countries, injecting drug use is currently the most important risk factor for infection with hepatitis C, resulting in high prevalence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users (IDUs). The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of HCV infection and distribution of genotypes among IDUs in the years 2004-2008. Probands and methods:A total number of 846 probands, both sexes (590 males and 256 females) with mean age from 24...

Blood pressure changes in chronically haemodialysed patients

K. Bobocká, D. Eisnerová, J. Kalužay, P. Slezák, I. Waczulíková, A. Lehotská, P. Ponťuch

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):183-190  

Background:Poor blood pressure control in chronically haemodialysed patients leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Information on valid values of blood pressure during haemodialysis and out of office is very important in order to set up adequate treatment. Aim:To measure blood pressure during the haemodialysis and the subsequent 24-hour period using an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with normal blood pressure (BP) and patients with high normal BP and hypertension. Relationship between time-dependent blood pressure changes, ultrafiltration (UF) and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG)...

The benefits of centralization of care for patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding

P. Svoboda, M. Konečný, V. Hrabovský, A. Martínek, J. Ehrmann, V. Procházka

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):191-195  

Introduction:Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding still remains one of the serious conditions that require a rapid diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Such procedure is highly dependent on good interdisciplinary cooperation, which, when centralized, may positively influence mortality and economic costs. Objective:To determine the benefits of centralization of care provided to patients with acute bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Patients and methods:A total of 632 patients with acute bleeding were enrolled in the study at two different health-care establishments of the same type, however with...

Guidelines for alemtuzumab treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)

L. Smolej, V. Procházka, M. Špaček, P. Obrtlíková, J. Gumulec, S. Vokurka, M. Doubek

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):232-236  

Alemtuzumab, the humanized monoclonal anti-CD52 antibody, is an effective agent in the treatment of fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Due to many specific issues associated with alemtuzumab treatment, the Working Committee of Czech CLL Study Group developed these guidelines. Summary of recommendations: (1) The main indication of alemtuzumab is fludarabine-refractory CLL. (2) Further possible indications include first-line treatment (in patients who cannot be treated by fludarabine-containing regimens), therapy of patients with del 17p, treatment of refractory autoimmune cytopenias and management of patients with severe cytopenias...

Recommendations of care for patients with prediabetes

T. Pelikánová

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):237-240  

Vitamin D - remarks of known and overwiev of new facts

H. Matějovská Kubešová, J. Tůmová, V. Polcarová, H. Meluzínová

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):196-201  

Vitamin D as one of liposolubile vitamins was related to children age and skeleton at the clinical practice until now. There is lot of new information considering rather more complicated connection of vitamin D into many functions of human body during last years. On the other hand we are able to measure the serum level of vitamin D, so we recognized the possibility of long term significantly low levels of vitamin D in tenths percent of population. This review shows actual information about relationsship between vitamin D and organ systems and their disturbances. Long term low level of vitamin D potentiates cognitive deterioration in elderly, influences...

Oxidative stress in kidney disease patients

J. Vostálová, A. Galandáková, P. Štrebl, J. Zadražil, M. Kajabová, P. Schneiderka

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):202-207  

Patients with chronic kidney disease are exposed to oxidative stress (OS) that contributes to deterioration of health. Decrease in renal excretory capacity contributes to the accumulation of pro-oxidative substances that are detrimental not only to kidney but to the whole organism including the cardiovascular system. Components of antioxidant system play an important role in the elimination of the OS. The monitoring of antioxidant levels and products of oxidative damage in these patients and the correct interpretation of relationship between these markers and the function of kidney and other organs may contribute to the more effective treatment and...

FTO gene and his role in genetic determination of obesity

D. Dlouhá, J. A. Hubáček

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):208-215  

Obesity is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and some cancers. Substantial proportions of obese people die from diseases caused by complications of overweight. The incidence of obesity in different populations exceeds 15%. The emergence of obesity is influenced by external factors (especially excessive energy intake and reduced physical activity). Body Mass Index (BMI) is also influenced by genetic factors, estimates of the degree of inheritance of obesity, according to the type of study range from 30 to 70%. Newly detected genetic risk factor for body weight is the FTO gene ("fat mass and obesity associated")....

Castleman's disease

D. Majerčáková

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):216-220  

Castleman's disease is a rare but potentially serious diagnosis and, therefore, this paper aims to enhance the medical community's knowledge of this diverse disease. This is a non-malignant angiofollicular nodular hyperplasia. There are three types according to the histological picture - hyalinvascular, plasmocellular and plasmablastic, and two types according to the clinical picture - unicentric and multicentric. The symptoms are rather heterogeneous, from an asymptomatic mass seen in the unicentric form, to life-threatening systemic inflammatory state with systemic symptoms in the multicentric form. Pathophysiological mechanism involves hypersecretion...

Secondary dyslipidemias

V. Vargová, M. Pytliak, V. Mechírová

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):221-227  

Dyslipidemias rank among the most important preventabile factors of atherogenesis and its progression. This topic is increasingly being discussed as e.g. more than 50% of Slovak population die on atherosclerotic complications. According to etiology we distinguish primary dyslipidemias with strictly genetic background and secondary ones with origin in other disease or pathological state. Secondary dyslipidemias accompany various diseases, from common (endocrinopathies, renal diseases etc) to rare ones (thesaurismosis etc.) and represents one of symptoms of these diseases. Apart from particular clinical follow up of diagnosed dysipidemias, basic screening...

Androgen deficit and diabetes

J. Čáp

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):228-231  

Low testosterone level is common in obese men and even more frequent in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low testosterone level is probably not caused by increased aromatization of testosterone to estradiol in fat tissue. Increase of inflammation mediators, insulin and leptin resistance and low SHBG level may play more important role. Low testosterone level may manifest with low libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue and depressive mood; it has a role in development of anaemia, osteoporosis, worsening of insulin resistance and it is probably marker of increased all-case and cardiovascular mortality. Routine investigation of testosterone level...

The role of PET-CT in decision making on the treatment of localized nodular form of pulmonary AL-amyloidosis

Z. Adam, M. Elleder, M. Moulis, M. Tichý, I. Červinková, Z. Řehák, R. Koukalová, Z. Fojtík, I. Hanke, L. Pour, M. Krejčí, L. Zahradová, P. Szturz, R. Hájek, Z. Král, J. Mayer

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(3):241-252  

Depending on the extent of organism affected, there is a systemic (amyloid is deposited in the interstitial space of multiple tissues and organs) and localized (amyloid is deposited in one or a few solitary lesions) form of amyloidosis. Localized forms of amyloidosis have a significantly better prognosis than the systemic ones. The respiratory tract might be affected by diffuse interstitial involvement, associated with systemic AL-amyloidosis, as well as localised involvement of respiratory tract (localised laryngotracheobronchial amyloidosis) or pulmonary parenchyma called nodular form of localized pulmonary amyloidosis. Tracheobronchial form may...