Contemporary anti-tumourous treatment of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) is more and more aggressive and myelotoxic and increasing numbers of patients are threatened with serious infectious complications. The administration of haematopoietic growth factors (CSF) during the period of severe postcytostatic neutropenia holds an important place in the treatment of AML. Administration of G-CSF and GM-CSF during the period of severe neutropenia leads to regeneration of granulopoiesis, it reduces the incidence, severity and duration of neutropenia and the number of infectious complications. Haematopoietic growth factors are also part of programmes of allogenic and autologous transplantation, in treatment as well as in the preparation peripheral stem cell concentrates. An open question is the administration of CSF during cytostatic treatment of AML because of possible stimulation of the leukaemic clone. The author presents in the submitted paper a review of the literature on contemporary approaches to the administration of haematopoietic growth factors in patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia.

Keywords: Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor /therapeutic use/; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor /therapeutic use/; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute /therapy/