Anticoagulant treatment with coumarins is due to it unequivocal benefit and relatively low risk increasingly used for prevention of sudden cerebrovascular attacks, in atrial fibrillation, in the treatment of thromboembolic disease, as part of treatment after replacement of cardiac valves and other diseases. With the increasing number of indications and patients treated with oral anticoagulants the number of haemorrhagic complications is increasing. The submitted case-history demonstrates an uncommon haemorrhagic complication, retroperitoneal haematoma associated with a neurological symptomatology in a 59-year-old patient who had prolonged anticoagulant treatment with monocoumarin with permanent non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation, a history of an anteroseptal myocardial infarction with an aneurysm and apical thrombus, polycythemia and chronic venous insufficiency. In addition to anamnestic data and the clinical picture the final establishment of the diagnosis was significantly assisted by ultrasonography and CT.

Keywords: Anticoagulants /adverse effects/; Atrial Fibrillation /complications/; Cerebrovascular Disorders /prevention & control/; Coumarins /adverse effects/; Female; Hematoma /chemically induced/; Hemorrhage /chemically induced/; Humans; Leg /innervation/; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction /complications/; Nerve Compression Syndromes /etiology/; Retroperitoneal Space; Risk Factors