Analytické předpoklady spolehlivého stanovení hodnot eGFR - editorial

B. Friedecký, V. Palička

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):321-322  

Poznámky ke klinické interpretaci odhadu glomerulární filtrace - editorial

S. Dusilová-Sulková

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):323-325  

Hypoglykemie - editorial

T. Pelikánová

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):326-327  

CD klasifikace z hlediska experimentální a klinické medicíny - editorial

M. Klabusay

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):328-329  

Alkohol a kardiovaskulární riziko - editorial

O. Mayer jr

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):330-331  

Komentář k Interdisciplinárním evropským závazným doporučením pro chirurgickou léčbu těžké obezity

P. Sucharda

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):332-333  

Pericardiocentesis after cardiac surgery - our experience

M. Kolek, R. Brát

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):334-340  

Pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery is common, but only in a small part of patients it has progressive character and cardiac tamponade occurs. Accurate diagnosis and well-timed pericardiocentesis are necessary to effective management of this life threatening complication. The study aimed at presentation of our centre outcomes of echocardiographically-guided pericardiocentesis in patients after cardiac surgery. Methods:Between December 2005 and November 2007, 2,232 patients underwent open-heart surgery in our centre. At 48 (2.2%) of them pericardiocentesis for clinically significant pericardial effusion was performed. Results:Pericardiocentesis...

Higher incidence of thyropathy in patients with oesophageal achalasia. Genetic, autoimmune, regional or just a random association?

R. Kroupa, K. Starý, A. Hep, J. Suchánková, J. Dolina

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):341-345  

Introduction:The etiology of esophageal achalasia is still largely unknown. Inflammatory response to an initial stimulus on the level of genetic and/or immune predisposition may be the underlying cause of the disease. The final result is progressive disappearance of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and motility disorder. Autoimmune thyropathy (AIT) is a typical disease involving genetic background and immune response disorder. Patients and methods:44 patients (of which 30 women and 14 men) with diagnosed esophageal achalasia and a control group of patients with esophageal reflux of corresponding age and sex were screened...

Possibilities of evaluation of changes of glomerular filtration rate estimated on the basis of predicting formulas

O. Schück, M. Horáčková, V. Teplan, M. Štollová

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):346-351  

Introduction:Estimation of changes of glomerular filtration rate based on accurate measurement (GFR) and that based on predicting formulas (eGFR) could differ significantly. In this study we have tried to analyse the relationship between (eGFR)t₂ / (eGFR)t₁ and (GFR)t₂ / (GFR)t₁ (where t₁ and t₂ denote the time at the beginning and the end of the follow-up interval). Methods:Renal clearance of inulin (C_in) was repeatedly examined in 32 patients suffering from chronic renal impairment (S_Cr = 231 ± 70 μmol/l). Estimated GFR (eGFR)...

Traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnoe-hypopnoe syndrome

E. Szabóová, Z. Tomori, J. Gonsorčík, J. Petrovičová

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):352-360  

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of patients with obstructive sleep apnoe-hypopnoe syndrome (OSAHS) is higher than in matched population.The aim of the study was to analyse, whether high prevalence of risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with OSAHS can explaine their higher cardiovascular morbidity. Methods:2 groups of 33 males with moderate OSAHS and 16 males without OSAHS were subdivided into subgroups of apparently healthy subjects, hypertonics and patients with coronary artery disease. We compared the presence of traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis (age, hyperlipoproteinaemia, diabetes mellitus, arterial...

Results of the PREDICTIVE project in the Czech Republic

M. Honka

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):361-367  

Introduction:The PREDICTIVE project was an international multicentric, open observation study evaluating the safety and efficiency of insulin detemir in clinical practice. 1,695 type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were enrolled in the study in the Czech Republic. The patients were treated by insulin detemir for the period of 26 weeks in accordance with the standard scheme implemented by the treating doctor.The primary objective of the study was to monitor the incidence of serious adverse events including severe hypoglycaemias. The secondary objective of the study (the number of adverse events, the incidence of all and nocturnal...

Interdisciplinární evropská závazná doporučení pro chirurgickou léčbu těžké obezity

M. Fried, V. Hainer, A. Basdevant, H. Buchwald, M. Dietel, N. Finer, J. Willem M. Greve, F. Horber, E. Mathus-Vliegen, N. Scopinaro, R. Steffen, C. Tsigos, R. Weiner, K. Widhalm

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):421-429  

Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in different endocrinopathies

V. Ďurovcová, M. Kršek, M. Haluzík

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):368-376  

Visceral obesity, insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are strongly related. Development of visceral obesity and regulation of body fat distribution in general are influenced by many factors. This article is a summary of current knowledge about pathogenesis of insulin resistance in different endocrinopathies, particularly in the Cushing's syndrome and acromegaly, as they are both connected with the pathological conditions mentioned above.

Exenatid and its position as antidiabetic drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

J. Perušičová

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):377-386  

'Incretin effect' refers to increased insulin response to oral glucose as compared to i.v. glucose response. Incretin mimetics are a new class of antidiabetic drugs lowering hyperglycaemia. Incretin mimetics mimic the natural human hormones called 'incretins' with blood glucose regulating action. Exenatide is a synthetic analogue GLP-1 which is resistant to enzymatic degradation by DPP IV. Subcutaneously administered exenatide stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion, slows down stomach evacuation and reduces the weight. Its administration is safe and the most frequent side effect is mild nausea.

Hypoglycaemia

M. Mokáň

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):387-394  

Hypoglycaemia is a serious, frequent and recurrent complication of treatment of diabetes mellitus which may become a direct danger to the patient's life. In clinical practice, it is best defined descriptively as Whipple's triad involving the presence of typical clinical symptoms of hypoglycaemia, low plasma glucose concentration and the disappearance of symptoms of hypoglycaemia after the administration of glucose. The overview article focuses, in more detail, on the issues of definition of hypoglycaemia based on the optimal threshold value of glycaemia, classification of hypoglycaemia based on its causes, rate of occurrence and factors provoking hypoglycaemia...

The importance of determining the viability of the myocardium prior to revascularisation in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction

M. Hutyra, T. Skála, M. Kamínek, D. Horák, J. Lukl

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):395-401  

Chronic heart failure is a worldwide clinical syndrome with substantial socio-economical impact. The aim of this overview is the summary of contemporary knowledge in epidemiology, elementary pathophysiological implications and some possibilities of treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy, which represents the most frequent cause of heart failure in developed countries. Emphasis is on the right indication for myocardial revascularization as a causal option of therapy of ischemic cardiomyopathy, timing and risk of revascularization and especially on importance of assessment of viability of myocardium using presently available imaging methods.

Human leukocyte differentiation antigens and CD classification

K. Koubek

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):402-409  

The autor summarizes the information about human leukocyte antigens. Expression of membrane markers is included in accordance with CD (Cluster of Differentiation) classification. The CD molecules are used ubiquitously in human medical research, immunodiagnosis and treatment and also CD profiles are intended to be used by biologists, pathologists and clinicians generally. Profiles nearly 400 known leukocyte cell surface molecules are summarized in CD system (CD1-CD350). Most CD molecules are integral membrane proteins that have one or more pass through the plasma cell membranes. Knowing which regions of a protein are intracellular or extracellular is...

ECG changes in alcoholic intoxication

K. Trejbal, P. Mitro

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):410-414  

Patients with acute alcohol intoxication often present with pathological electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. The changes are more frequent and prognostically more significant in chronic alcoholics, in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), in alcohol cardiomyopathy or another organic heart disease, but they can also occur in young and healthy individuals. The typical ECG changes in inebriety are disturbances of heart rate having the nature of electric impulse generation disorder or of impulse conduction pathology. In persons without clinical evidence of heart disease, they are classified as 'holiday heart syndrome'. The most frequent tachyarrhythmia...

Preparation of patients with haemostasis disorder for dental surgery

O. Bulik, A. Buliková, P. Smejkal, M. Penka

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):415-420  

The most of patients need dental care during their time of life. It can be situation to detect bleeding disorder in patients who have been suggested apparently healthy to this time. In patients with known bleeding tendency it can be situation in which good interdisciplinary coordination is necessary. In the most cases patients with anticoagulation treatment are involved between those with haemostasis problems. Nevertheless, they do not need therapy interruption in the most of cases, only the knowing actual therapeutic level of INR and appropriate stomatologist's erudition. Another situation is in patients with severe haemostatic bleeding disorder....

Lyme carditis - rare cause of dilated cardiomyopathy and rhythm disturbances

J. Čepelová

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):430-433  

Case report of young woman presents involvement of dilated cardiomyopathy and rhythm disturbances in 18 months after infection of tick, with direct assessment of spirochetes in myocardial tissue. Cardial decompensation occured after asthma exacerbation, complicated by bronchopneumonia. Rhythm disturbances and heart failure gradually subside after parenteral antibiotic treatment and peroral treatment of heart failure. Nevertheless there is a long-lasting persistence of dilated cardiomyopathy with significant systolic dysfunction, which is supposedly last consequence of Borrelia infection. Resynchronic therapy combinated with cardioverter-defibrilator...

Špinar J et al. Propedeutika a vyšetřovací metody vnitřních nemocí

Ladislav Chrobák

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):440-441  

Boguszaková J, Říhová E, Krásný J. Oční záněty

Šárka Skorkovská

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):441-442  

8. kongres Spoločnosti balkánskych miest pre nefrológiu, dialýzu, transplantáciu a umelé orgány (BANTAO), 16.-19. septembra 2007, Belehrad (Srbsko)

M. Mydlík

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):435-436  

XXXIII. angiologické dny 2008

J. Spáčil

Vnitr Lek 2008, 54(4):437-439