Vnitr Lek 2024, 70(4):E3-E7

Posúdenie nutričného stavu u hospitalizovaných geriatrických pacientov

Jaroslav Madleňák, Ivana Bóriková
Ústav ošetrovateľstva, Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave, Jesseniova lekarska fakulta v Martine

Cieľ: Zistiť stav výživy u hospitalizovaných geriatrických pacientov na internom oddelení; zistiť, či existujú štatisticky významné korelácie medzi vybranými socio-demografickými údajmi, zdravotnými charakteristikami a meracím nástrojom. Súbor a metódy. Geriatrickí pacienti vo veku ≥ 65 rokov hospitalizovaní na internom oddelení. Dizajn štúdie kvantitatívny, deskriptívny, korelačný. Výskumný protokol obsahoval sledované premenné: demografické údaje, zdravotné charakteristiky, laboratórne parametre a merací nástroj na posúdenie stavu výživy MNA®. Empirické údaje boli spracované metódami deskriptívnej a induktívnej štatistiky.

Výsledky: V súbore n = 137 (100 %) pacientov bolo 48 % mužov a 52 % žien, priemerný vek súboru bol 76,2 roka. Podľa MNA®-FF malo 9 % pacientov normálny nutričný stav, až 74 % malo riziko podvýživy a 17 % malo podvýživu. Polymorbiditu malo 99 % a polyfarmakoterapiu 96 % pacientov. Štatistickú významnosť sme zistili medzi výsledným skóre MNA®-FF a BMI (p < 0,001) a úbytkom na hmotnosti za posledných 6 mesiacov (p < 0,001) a hodnotou hemoglobínu (p = 0,033).

Záver: Hospitalizovaní geriatrickí pacienti majú vo zvýšenej miere prítomné riziko malnutrície alebo už prítomnú malnutríciu. Súčasťou komplexného posudzovania stavu výživy je aj administrácia valídneho a reliabilného meracieho nástroja, ktorý je schopný rýchlo detekovať poruchu výživy už pri príjme pacienta na hospitalizáciu. Včasná identifikácia tejto poruchy je východiskom pre cielenú nutričnú intervenciu.

Keywords: geriatrický pacient, hospitalizácia, nástroj MNA®, posúdenie, stav výživy.

Accepted: June 12, 2024; Published: June 20, 2024  Show citation

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Madleňák J, Bóriková I. Posúdenie nutričného stavu u hospitalizovaných geriatrických pacientov. Vnitr Lek. 2024;70(4):E3-7.
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