Vnitr Lek 2026, 72(3):183-186 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2026.038

The relationship between atrial fibrillation and dementia

Petra Kratochvílová

II. interní klinika FN Plzeň

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and currently affecting approximately 2-4 % of the population. Its prevalence continues to rise, and by around 2050, the number of patients with AF is expected to approach 100 million (1). Dementia currently affects 5-7 % of individuals over the age of 60, and its prevalence is projected to triple by 2050 (2). This disease leads to loss of independence, increased need for long-term care, and higher overall mortality. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested an association between AF and an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent epidemiological data, pathophysiological mechanisms, and preventive strategies underlying this relationship, based on published studies. Available data confirm that AF, particularly when diagnosed in midlife, significantly increases the risk of both overall and early-onset dementia. Careful control of cardiovascular risk factors and adequate treatment may reduce this risk.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation, dementia, anticoagulation.

Accepted: April 23, 2026; Published: May 18, 2026  Show citation