Má význam zabývat se nízkosacharidovou a ketogenní dietou u osob s diabetem? Editorial

Zdeněk Rušavý

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):713-714 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.096  

Hadím jedem indukovaná koagulopatie - editorial

Jiří Valenta

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):715-716 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.097  

The Scottish model of vancomycin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring improves both efficacy and safety of vancomycin therapy

Kristýna Zahálková, Aleš Chrdle, Olga Dvořáčková, Marie Kašparová, Magdalena Horníková, Václav Chmelík

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):717-724 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.098  

Objective:Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for better treatment efficacy and safety. The Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group model recommends weight-based loading dose, next 3-4 doses based on creatinine clearance and maintenance doses according to trough concentrations. Methods:Retrospective cohort study of all adult patients treated with vancomycin before and after introducing the guideline in a large Czech hospital in 2015 compares the success rate in achieving recommended trough concentrations (10-20 mg/l) during first measurement and efficiency of maintaining these concentrations subsequently....

Diagnostické a léčebné postupy u arteriální hypertenze - verze 2017. Doporučení České společnosti pro hypertenzi

Jiří Widimský jr, Jan Filipovský, Jiří Ceral, Renata Cífková, Aleš Linhart, Václav Monhart, Hana Rosolová, Jitka Seidlerová Mlíková, Miroslav Souček, Jindřich Špinar, Vladimír Tesař, Jiří Vítovec, Tomáš Zelinka

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):771-796  

Mesenchymal stem cells and type 1 diabetes treatment

Pavla Boháčová, Vladimír Holáň

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):725-728 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.099  

Type 1 diabetes represents a serious disease which is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing B cells in the pancreas. Administration of exogenous insulin cannot replace sensitive and gentle regulation of blood glucose levels that is established by B cells in healthy individuals. Pancreas or islet transplantation is limited by a shortage of donor pancreas and by complications associated with transplantations. For those reasons, new approaches of treatment are being searched, the using of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) envisions a promising tool for cell-based therapy of type 1 diabetes. MSCs have a significant impact on the regulation...

How to diagnose cardiac sarcoidosis?

Martina Doubková, Roman Panovský

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):729-733 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.100  

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that can affect any organ including the heart. Clinical manifestations of heart disease are seen in about 5 % of patients, but histology shows a higher rate of heart involvement by sarcoidosis. Therefore, heart sarcoidosis is underdiagnosed because of clinically non-symptomatic course in some patients or physicians simply do not think about this heart involvement. Echocardiography, Holter monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, thallium scintigraphy, and endomyocardial biopsy are methods of investigation when suspected of heart involvement...

Future of pharmacological treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in terms of key pathophysiological mechanisms

Marek Rác, Ľubomír Skladaný

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):735-741 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.101  

Obesity reaches the dimensions of the global epidemic. It directly contributes to an increase in the prevalence of systemic diseases associated with obesity. Obesity and overweight globally cause 3.5 million deaths annually [1]. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries and is considered to be a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The extent and burden of the disease are increasing and reaching epidemic proportions because of its close association with the epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus type [2]. It affects 30 % of the adult population [2]. There is an alarming increase...

Low-carbohydrate diet in diabetes mellitus treatment

Hana Krejčí, Jan Vyjídák, Matej Kohutiar

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):742-752 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.102  

There has been an increasing amount of information about the positive results of low-carbohydrate diet in the treatment of diabetes, pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity in the form of randomized trials, their meta-analysis and case studies. Many of these indicate that low carbohydrate diets are safe, could significantly improve the compensation of both types of diabetes and the overall health of the diabetic patients. In successful therapy, this diet leads to weight loss, lower medication doses or prescribing, and in some cases of type 2 diabetes also to remission. However, the low carbohydrate diet is not recognized in Czech diabetology,...

Controversies in the treatment of gout

Štefan Alušík, Zoltán Paluch

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):753-761 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.103  

The authors discuss current options on the treatment of gout (acute gout attack, prophylaxis, management of hypouricemia) and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. They highlight the differences in individual guidelines in terms of the spectrum of drugs used, their preferences, dosing, dose titration, and goals of treatment as well as different positions over asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Further, the authors provide an overview of latest concepts related to uric acid and its association with some neurologic and cardiovascular diseases. Another issues discussed in the article are the completely different guidelines for general practitioners and their principles....

Endothelial function, its relation to arterial hypertension and the possibility of its modulation

Vladislav Biel, Jan Novák, Luděk Pluháček, Jiří Špác

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):762-770 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.104  

Endothelium has both a protective and a very complex para-, endo- and autocrine functions. Vascular tone is determined as a balance between the production of vasodilating and vasoconstrictive substances. Among the most important vasodilators are nitric oxide (NO), PGI2, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), adenosine and others, among the most important vasoconstrictors, endothelin-1 and angiotensin-2. Therapeutic goal of improving endothelial secretory function should be maximizing production of vasodilators and minimizing production of vasoconstrictors. Improvement of endothelial function can be achieved most effectively by following...

Myocardial injury after carbon monoxide intoxication in suicide attempt, with features of both toxic and tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy: case report

Radek Vančata, Jan Lhotský, Václav Beránek, Josef Krištof, Richard Rokyta

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):797-801 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.106  

Severe carbon monoxide intoxication may cause tissue injury by hypoxemia and histotoxicity. The affection of the heart muscle often leads to transient global or regional systolic dysfunction of left ventricle or both ventricles and increased occurences of malignant arrhytmias. On the contrary, stress-induced cardiomyopathy is described as temporary segmental loss of contractility, mostly in apical segments of the left ventricle with mid- and basal sparing and less common hypokinesias in mid- or basal parts, or affection of both ventricles. This case report is dedicated to a 34-years old male, who was admitted to the department of emergency medicine...

Trimeresurus albolabris (white-lipped green pit viper) - bite report: case report

František Nehaj, Marianna Kubašková, Michal Mokáň, Juraj Krivuš, Ivana Gomolová, František Kovář, Martin Jozef Péč, Marián Mokáň

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):802-806 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.107  

Toxicology is a specialized scientific discipline, focusing on microbiological, botanical and animal venoms, poisons and toxins. This discipline includes more than just the chemistry and mode of action of a toxin, but also with the biology of venom or poison producing organism, the structure and function of the venom apparatus, as well as the use of the venom or poison. The discipline of toxicology involves the study of the poison on living organisms and the therapy of the intoxication. A genus Trimeresurus, to which belongs Green Pit Viper, is large and includes around 36 types. Snake venoms have various composition and they can effect cardiovascular...

Z odborné literatury

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):821-822  

Spironolactone in the treatment of hypertension: a neglected molecule

Jiří Veselý

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):815-820 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2018.111  

Spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, is used in the treatment of hypertension for over 50 years. Due to the absence of morbidity and mortality studies, it is not considered to be a first-choice drug in the treatment of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. However, it has a secure and stable position in the treatment of resistant hypertension. The effect of spironolactone on blood pressure lowering in antihypertensive combination therapy was demonstrated in several uncontrolled trials. The analysis of ASCOTBPLA study also contributed significantly to this area. In the last 10 years, the higher antihypertensive effect of spironolactone...

Za prof. MUDr. Václavem Zamrazilem, DrSc. *28. 9. 1936 - †27. 6. 2018

Luboslav Stárka

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):807-808  

Odešel prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Rybka, DrSc. *21. 11. 1931 - †3. 7. 2018

Tomáš Janečka

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):809-811  

Příspěvek ke článkům v publikaci

Milan Kvapil

Vnitr Lek 2018, 64(7-8):812-813