K jubileu prof. MUDr. Petra Dítě, DrSc.

J. Lata

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):987-988  

Do we need endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices or the last turn off the light

M. Bátovský

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):989-992  

For the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding endoscopic band ligation has been shown to be as effective as non-selective beta-blockers (carvedilol), but variceal injection sclerotherapy is not generaly recommended in this setting because of higher rate of complications and lower effect in reducing either bleeding or mortality. Endoscopic management of acutely bleeding gastroesophageal varices includes injection sclerotherapy, rubber band ligation, and variceal obturation with tissue adhesives. Variceal injection sclerotherapy remains a quick, simple and cheap technique for the control of active bleeding from esophageal varices, but...

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

J. Bureš, M. Kopáčová, M. Škodová Fendrichová, S. Rejchrt

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):993-999  

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the most common chronic bacterial infection in humans worldwide. The prevalence of Hp infection is high in developing countries (80-90%) and lower in developed countries (10-30%). In vast majority of infected individuals, the infection is acquired early in life. The risk of Hp infection is related to low socio-economic status and living conditions at early childhood (density of housing, overcrowding, number of siblings, sharing a bed, and lack of running water, low education of parents). Smoking is a risk factor of Hp infection in adults. In developed countries including the Czech Republic, the overall prevalence...

Screening of celiac disease in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia

P. Fojtík, P. Novosad, M. Kliment, P. Hrdý, A. Bóday, R. Richterová, O. Urban

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1000-1005  

The celiac disease is traditionally viewed as the children's disease with a typical form accompanied mainly by intestinal symptoms and malabsorption. This opinion is still generally accepted by the medical community. Findings based on the area-wide screening show that the prevalence has risen from the original 1 : 1 000-1 500 to 1 : 70-550. The average prevalence in the western countries is nearly 1 : 100. The prevalence of the celiac disease in the Czech republic is estimated to be approximately 1 : 200-250. It means that the number of people in the Czech republic who are likely to be affected is about 40,000-50,000 people. Currently only 10-15% of...

The expected worldvide burden of oesophagus, stomach and colorectal cancers

E. Geryk, T. Horváth, M. Konečný

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1006-1011  

According database of Globocan 2008 of total 482 thousand worldwide new esophagel cancers are reported 16.9% cases in more developed and 83.1% in less developed regions, 6.9% in EU, 2.7% in the Eastern Europe; of total 989 thousand new stomach cancers are reported 27.8% in more developed and 72.2% in less developed regions, 8.4% in EU, 7.4% in the Eastern Europe; of total 1.235 milion new colorectal cancers are reported 59% cases in more developed and 41% in less developed regions, 27% in EU, 10.5% in the Eastern Europe. Of total 59,052 all neoplasms (without skin cancers) were reported 10,439 new cases of these three diagnoses in recent Czech Cancer...

Aldosterone as an endogenous cardiovascular toxin and the options for its therapeutic management

K. Horký

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1012-1016  

In physiological, as well as pathological situations, aldosterone significantly influences volume, pressure and electrolyte balance. Primary hyperaldosteronism is caused by autonomous over-production, most frequently due to adrenal adenoma. Patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) have more pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy and higher frequency of cardiovascular events than patients with essential hypertension (EH) with comparable blood pressure values. Consequently, there is an increased interest in the role of aldosterone tissue function in cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present paper is to emphasise the pleiotropic...

Neuroendocrine tumours of the upper gastrointestinal tract, characteristics and comparison of localization diagnostics

R. Hyrdel, I. Režňák, P. Hyrdel, H. Poláček jr., H. Poláček, M. Hladká, S. M. Agouba, J. Janík, Ľ. Laca

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1017-1024  

In daily clinical practice it's important to think of neuroendocrine tumors, since their prevalence for the past 5 years exceeded even the common occurrences of stomach, esophageal and pancreatic cancers. Patients diagnosed early and accurately with NET, have a greater chance for complete cure. The diagnostic tools over the past century were significantly inefficient in diagnosing NET i.e. (40% of tumors were not localized after USG, CT, MRI, AG investigations). Until the past 2 decades that major turnover in diagnostic methods has been achieved. In particular, the introduction of the somatostatine receptor scintigrafy (SRS) and endoscopic ultrasonography...

Keratin fragments as a serological indicator in patients with a liver disease

J. Lata, H. Mrlianová, O. Stibůrek, J. Nožička, Z. Čermáková, J. Gottwaldová, P. Drozd

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1025-1028  

Introduction:Determination of M30 antigen appears to be a sensitive method for evaluation of hepatocyte apoptosis. The aim of the present project was to implement this technique, compare M30 values in patients with a liver disease and healthy controls and to identify potential relationships between M30 values and other parameters. Methods:M30 antigen was assessed in 25 patients with a liver disease and 30 healthy controls. These results were compared between patients with a liver disease and the controls and correlated to a range of clinical and laboratory values, including tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS), in patients...

Does rational therapy exist in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

M. Lukáš

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1029-1033  

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis belong to an autoimmune mediated, civilizing diseases having a rise of incidence. The cause of both disease is still unknown with undoubted importance of diet, a lifestyle and using of antimicrobial drugs in the last fifty years. The rational therapy is based to use the drugs with high anti-inflammatory efficacy. The choice of therapy is driven due to disease course in individual patient. The integral part of patients follow up are activities directing to minimize of drug's side effects.

Ablative treatment of rectosigmoideal praecanceroses and early cancer

P. Mlkvý, I. Čavarga, A. Mateášik

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1034-1037  

Endoscopic mucosal resection and piece meal polypectomy are methods of choice in broad based unifocal rectosigmoideal lesions. Thermal ablative modalities are indicated for flat adenomas, lateral spreading tumors and as an adjunct therapeutic modality for incomplete polypectomy. Photodynamic therapy using ALA photosensitiser is effective in the treatment of multifocal lesions either alone or in a combination with thermal ablative techniques. At present "tailored suite" combination of these techniques for each patient according the character of the lesion is considered to be the most effective treatment for rectosigmoideal praecancerous lesions and...

Survival of patients after TIPS in the University Hospital Hradec Kralove

Š. Šembera, V. Jirkovský, T. Fejfar, V. Šafka, O. Renc, J. Raupach, V. Chovanec, M. Lojík, A. Krajina, P. Hůlek

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1038-1044  

Aim:To analyze survival of patients after TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt). Patient sample and methodology:Between September 1992 and August 2010, TIPS was created in 848 patients of the University Hospital Hradec Kralove. These patients were divided into groups. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Differences between groups were evaluated using log-rank test. Results:Ten percent of patients do not survive one month after TIPS, 40% of patients survive 5 years and 20% of patients survive 10 years. There were statistically significant differences between groups divided...

The coincidence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis

J. Špičák, A. Pulkertová, I. Králová-Lesná, P. Suchánek, M. Vitásková, V. Adámková

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1045-1052  

Introduction, study aim:Health consequences of alcoholism vary and include a wide range of pathological conditions from mental disorders to disorders of various parenchymatous organs. There are many differences between alcohol abusers, from the way they abuse alcohol to the nature of bodily harm. The aim of this prospective study was to map and correlate organ involvement with the type of alcohol abuse and smoking and dietary habits. Methods:A prospective study analyzing a questionnaire on alcoholism, smoking, diet and lifestyle habits completed by 146 patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis. Results:Of...

Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and how to minimize them

A. Vavrečka

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1053-1056  

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the recent past was one of the basic diagnostic and therapeutic methods of several biliary and pancreatic diseases. It was and is still associated with several complications that can lead to exit the patient and is therefore considered invasive methods. The most serious complications include acute pancreatitis and acute cholangitis. Bleeding and perforation may complicate papillosphincterotomy that precedes another performance (extraction of stones, drainage of biliary and pancreatic duct. The incidence of serious complications have led to efforts to reduce the number of ERCP. This allowed in particular...

Inadequate screening and low awareness about risk factors among first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients

P. Vítek, I. M. Kajzrlíková, J. Bureš, J. Chalupa

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12):1057-1061  

Introduction:First-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients have higher risk of disease, thus colonoscopic screening should be started at the age of 40 in this group. Goal of the study was to assess their awareness of the colorectal cancer risk factors and their compliance with colorectal cancer screening programme. Methods:62 patients after colorectal cancer resection and their 67 first-degree relatives (42% out of 160 addressed) answered structured questionnaire and counselling focused on colorectal cancer risk factors, and screening participation. Results:Before diagnosis of colorectal cancer only 18%...

Akutní plicní embolie a žilní trombóza. Patogeneze, diagnostika, léčba a prevence (Z odborné literatury)

prof. MUDr. Václav Čepelák, DrSc.

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12)

Pneumologie (Z odborné literatury)

doc. MUDr. František Salajka, CSc.

Vnitr Lek 2011, 57(12)