[Hormones and the etiopathogenesis of internal diseases].

V Pacovský, V Schreiber

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):209-213

[Hormones of the central nervous system--phylogenetic and integrated approach].

P Langer

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):214-218

[Humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension with emphasis on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and natriuretic substances].

K Horký

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):219-225

The author reviews contemporary views on the pathogenetic participation of selected humoral factors (of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, natriuretic hormone and atrial natriuretic factor) in the development of arterial hypertension in humans. Hypertension may be due to absolute or relative excess of factors with a pressor and antinatriuretic action or to deficiency of depressor and natriuretic substances. In essential hypertension and the majority of other types of hypertension the position is more complicated. Humoral substances are there involved in a complex way in dynamic interaction with other genetic, nervous, cardiovascular and other...

[Gastrointestinal hormones--clinical significance].

I Duris

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):226-229

The author gives an account of clinical syndromes which develop as a result of overproduction of gastrointestinal hormones. From the various diagnostic approaches, which are not always available or are expensive, the author summarizes the importance of thin-needle biopsy under sonographic control, the argentaffine technique (Grimelius) and histoenzymatic examination for neuron specific enolase. In addition to surgical treatment treatment with streptozotocine, 5-FU, dimethyl triazenoimidazole carboxamide and somatostatin is possible. The author draws attention to the possibility of using somatostatin not only in the treatment of apudomas but also of...

[Paraneoblastic endocrinne syndromes--mechanisms of paraneoblastic hormone production].

J Hrnciar

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):230-236

The author deals with mechanisms of paraneoblastic hormone production. Paraneoblastic production of protein hormones is closely linked with processes of malignant transformation of cells which takes place as a result of dysregulation of hyperactive c-oncogens. Products of these oncogens either directly code growth factors or form their receptors or the receptors of dijerent hormones. The product of the family of c-ras-oncogens creates by excessive formation of G-proteins an excessively long activation of adenyl cyclase by hormones which act via cAMP. Under the influence of c-oncogens proliferating and differentiating stem cells reach in larger amounts...

[Clinical significance of paraneoplastic syndromes].

L Klabusay

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):237-241

The author evaluates the clinical significance of paraneoplastic syndrome. Some clinical syndromes, general or organ syndromes, indicate the possibility of a malignant tumour, however, contemporary technical possibilities in medical diagnostics do not make early diagnosis of tumours possible. In a retrospective evaluation the evidence of a malignant tumour in a group of 396 patients with paraneoplastic syndrome was only 30.4% during the last eight years.

[Central regulation of adenohypophyseal function].

M Vigas

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):242-248

The secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones is controlled by hypothalamic hypophysotropic hormones with stimulating (hormone releasing factors) or inhibitory (hormone release inhibiting factors) actions. The release of hypothalamic hormones is regulated by hierarchically higher nerve centres via neurons which liberate neurotransmitters at their endings. The secretion of growth hormone is controlled by hypothalamic hormones, somatotropin releasing factor and somatotropin release-inhibiting factor; of the neurotransmitters, the strongest effects have noradrenaline and dopamine. The release of ACTH is controlled by two stimulating hormones, the ACTH releasing...

[A critical overview of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarct].

J Sochman, J Fabián

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):249-255

The authors present an analysis of results of thrombolytic treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The lower mortality of thrombolytically treated patients, as compared with conventional therapy, is an advantage of this therapy, in particular in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Based on the above analysis it is apparent that at present the intravenous administration of thrombolytics is justified.

[Metoprolol and metipranolol in the treatment of hypertension-- comparison of the effects of a single dose and administration for 1 month].

V Hamplová, V Monhart, M Zichová

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):256-263

In six subjects the hypotensive action of metoprolol (Betaloc, Egis) after a dose of 166.7 +/- 47.1 mg and metipranolol (Trimepranol, Spofa) 21.7 +/- 3.7 mg was investigated. Betaloc influences after one month's administration the systolic blood pressure more effectively in a recumbent position and upright position and the diastolic pressure in a sitting position and after walking. The authors investigated also indicators of the circulation, blood sugar values, values of immunoreactive insulin, aldosterone and plasma renin activity after a single dose of 10 mg Trimepranol or 100 mg Betaloc. Betaloc caused a significant drop of the systolic blood pressure...

[Relation between salt intake and blood pressure].

J Simon

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):264-270

We investigated in a population group of 78 middle-aged men urinary sodium and potassium excretion per 24 hours under normal living conditions and the relationship to blood pressure. The mean urinary Na excretion in 24 hours was 241.3 mmol which corresponded to an intake of 14 g NaCl per day. The maximum NaCl consumption was as high as 30 g/day. The urinary Na excretion correlated in a linear fashion with the K excretion but not with the blood pressure. The blood pressure in the investigated group correlated with age, body mass index (kg/m2) and serum creatinine level. The body mass index and serum creatinine participated significantly in the blood...

[Bone metabolism in patients after kidney transplantation].

B Hájková, J Erben, P Fixa, L Kubes, J Príborský, V Herout

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):271-277

The bone metabolism was evaluated in 20 patients after successful transplantation of the kidneys. In case of a functional graft within 22 months after transplantation of the kidneys complete regression of histological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism was found, i.e. of fibrous osteodystrophy with a decline of the osteoclastic absorption and in 50% of the patients bone histology revealed osteomalacia. On the X-ray of the skeleton in 65% signs of osteoporosis were found, incl. 10% where the results were in discrepancy with the histological finding. The normal plasma calcium level before and after transplantation of the kidney was not affected....

[Cystic changes in the liver in our 5-year ultrasonographic study].

V Krislo, M Sorf, I Jablonský, S Krsák, J Bartek

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):278-282

The authors examined during 1983-1987 by ultrasonography the liver in a group of 13,672 patients with an average age of 54.8 +/- 4.1 years. The group comprised 7830 women (57.27%) and 5842 men (42.73%). Cystic changes were detected in 39 patients (0.28%). During subsequent examinations they revealed that in four patients metastases of tumours were involved. The correctness of the ultrasonographic diagnosis was confirmed in 35 patients (89.7%). Non-inflammatory and non-parasitic cysts were present in 31 patients (0.23%), incl. 20 women (0.26%) and 11 men (0.19%) with a sex ratio of 1.4:1. Concurrent cystic changes on the kidneys were found in 22.6%...

[Non-cystic diseases of the liver in a 5-year ultrasonographic study].

M Sorf, V Krislo, S Krsák, I Jablonský

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):283-287

The authors evaluate five-year ultrasonographic material (13,672 examinations) focused on non-cystic liver disease. 8212 examinations (60.1%) were made as part of examinations of the gallbladder, 4919 (36%) as part of examination of the right sub-costal area or other organs and only 541 examinations (3.96%) were focused in the first place on the liver. The total number of examined patients included 7830 women (57.3%) and 5842 men (42.7%). Most frequently the ultrasonographic picture of steatosis was found--in 747 patients (5.46%), cirrhosis of the liver in 45 patients (0.33%), primary carcinoma of the liver was present in 7 patients (0.05%) and tumour...

[Initial experience with thin-needle biopsy under ultrasonic control in diffuse liver diseases].

M Sorf, V Krislo, I Jablonský, J Bartek

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):288-291

The authors used thin-needle biopsy (Westcott needle) under ultrasonographic control for the morphological determination of ultrasonographic pictures of steatosis in 37 patients. In the case history they reported alcohol consumption of more than 5 years above 60 g of absolute alcohol per day; mostly abuse of beer was involved (32.4%) and beer with liquor (43.3%). A sufficient amount of material for histological examination was taken in all 37 patients, incl. 8 during the second insertion. Histological examination revealed mainly large-droplet steatosis of the mild and medium grade (40.5%) and severe grade (21.6%). Of 37 ultrasonographic pictures of...

[Levels of HDL cholesterol and the HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions in newly detected type 2 diabetes].

J Brunová, J Válek, D Grafnetter, L Karasová

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):292-298

In a group of 40 newly detected middle-aged diabetics the authors recorded reduced HDL cholesterol levels and elevated triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. After compensation of diabetes the cholesterol and triglyceride levels became normal, the HDL cholesterol levels remained, however, low. By comparison of the sub-fractions of HDL cholesterol in diabetics with the control group it was revealed that in the diabetic group the HDL2 cholesterol levels were significantly reduced. The HDL3 cholesterol was not significantly altered. The reduction of the total HDL cholesterol was due mainly to low HDL2 cholesterol, while the HDL3 cholesterol level...

[Transient total atrioventricular dissociation induced by junctional premature depolarization].

A Mádle, S Záková

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):299-302

The authors describe a case of temporary complete atrioventricular dissociation in prognostically less serious conduction disorders in the area of the atrioventricular node manifested clinically as an atrioventricular block grade 1. Dissociation episodes were induced by premature junctional depolarization and maintained, thanks to retrograde latent conduction into the area of the atrioventricular junction and the small difference of frequencies of the sinus and ectopic substitution rhythm.

[Antibodies against thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyroglobulin as a possible cause of error in the diagnosis of disorders of thyroid gland function].

O Kraft, K Safarcík, J Kuba

Vnitr Lek 1989, 35(3):303-306

The authors examined in a 82-year-old female patient T4, T3, free T4, TSH, thyroglobulin and made the TRH-TSH functional test because of suspected thyroid disease. For thyroid hormones they obtained controversial resulting levels: in T4 signalizing an unreasonable negative value, in T3 a very high level, in TSH and the TRH-TSH test levels suggesting normal thyroid function which was consistent with the clinical picture. A more detailed laboratory analysis revealed the presence of antibodies binding 125I-T4 and 125I-T3 (radioindicators used for assessment of T4 and T3). The authors identified antibodies against T4, T3 and thyroglobulin. Their presence...