Vnitr Lek 2021, 67(1):30-35 | DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2021.004

Follow‑up care after COVID-19 and its related concerns

Martin Radvan1,6, Elis Bartečků2,6, Ľubica Sýkorová3,6, Radana Pařízková4,6, Svatopluk Richter5,6, Martin Kameník1,6, Lumír Koc1,6, Petr Kala1,6
1 Interní kardiologická klinika FN Brno
2 Psychiatrická klinika FN Brno
3 Klinika nemocí plicních a tuberkulózy FN Brno
4 Infekční klinika FN Brno
5 Klinika radiologie a nukleární medicíny FN Brno
6 Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy Univerzity

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). Overall COVID-19-related rates of mortality are low; deaths usually occur in patients older than 60 and those suffering from serious chronic diseases. Most of the patients recover within one or two weeks. However, in approximately 5-10 % of the patients some of the symptoms persist for weeks and months. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is a multisystem disease with overlapping symptoms and may occur even in patients who were relatively mildly affected during the acute phase of the disease. Evaluating the number of patients with or after the novel coronavirus infection in the Czech Republic, it can be estimated that in the next months there will be about 50,000 new patients suffering from long-COVID-19 requiring attention of general practitioners in the least, and, in all probability, also of other medical specialists. A thorough knowledge of the syndrome and efficient ideally evidence-based guidelines have to be formulated to combat the adverse impact of the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS‑CoV-2, long‑COVID-19, post‑COVID-19 syndrome, follow‑up.

Published: March 2, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Radvan M, Bartečků E, Sýkorová Ľ, Pařízková R, Richter S, Kameník M, et al.. Follow‑up care after COVID-19 and its related concerns. Vnitr Lek. 2021;67(1):30-35. doi: 10.36290/vnl.2021.004.
Download citation

References

  1. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7; 323(13): 1239-1242. Dostupné z DOI: Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Streeck H, Hartmann G, Exner M et al. Universitätsklinikum Bonn, 09. 04. 2020. Dostupné z DOI: https://www.land.nrw/sites/default/files/asset/document/zwischenergebnis_covid19_case_study_gangelt_0.pdf.
  3. Signorelli C, Scognamiglio T, Odone A. COVID-19 in Italy: impact of containment measures and prevalence estimates of infection in the general population. Acta Biomed 2020; 91(3-s): 175-159
  4. Dostupné z DOI: https://onemocneni‑aktualne.mzcr.cz/covid-19.
  5. Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al.; C4591001 Clinical Trial Group. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31; 383(27): 2603-2615. Dostupné z DOI: Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Haake D. Gangelt - A representative study on the lethality of COVID-19. Dostupné z DOI:
  7. Ioannidis JPA, Cathrine Axfors C, Despina G. et al. Population‑level COVID-19 mortality risk for non‑elderly individuals overall and for nonelderly individuals without underlying diseases in pandemic epicenters: medRxiv 2020. 04. 05.20054361; Dostupné z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020. 04. 05.2005. Go to original source...
  8. Qingxian Cai, DeliangHuang, HongYu, et al. COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests Journal of Hepatology, 2020, ISSN 0168-8278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020. 04. 006. Go to original source...
  9. Klok FA et al., Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 Thrombosis Research, Dostupné z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020. 04. 013 Go to original source...
  10. Oxley et al. Large‑Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young NEJM April 28, 2020, Dostupné z DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009787. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Mechl M., Júza T, Hodová S. CT vyšetření hrudníku u pacientů s onemocněním COVID-19 - první zkušenosti, Ces Radiol 2020; 74(3): 189-195.
  12. Dostupné z DOI: www.pneumologie.cz.
  13. Dostupn z DOI: www.crs.cz.George PM, Barratt SL, Condliffe R et al. Respiratory follow‑up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thorax. 2020 Nov;75(11):1009-1016. Dostupn z DOI: doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-2153 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
  15. National Guidance for post‑COVID syndrome assessment clinics Dostupné z DOI: https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp‑content/uploads/sites/52/2020/10/C0840_PostCOVID_assessment_clinic_guidance_5_Nov_2020.pdf.
  16. COVID-19 guideline scope: management of the long‑term effects of COVID-19 NICE, SIGN, RCGP Dostupné z DOI: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/gid‑ng10179/documents/final‑scope
  17. Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F. Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post‑Acute Care Study Group. Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA 2020; Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12603 pmid: 32644129 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ et al. IVY Network InvestigatorsCDC COVID-19 Response TeamIVY Network Investigators. Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network - United States, March‑June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69: 993-998. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Petrie JG, Cheng C, Malosh RE, et al. Illness severity and work productivity loss among working adults with medically attended acute respiratory illnesses: US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network 2012-2013. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62: 448-455. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Kopecký, Skála, Šnelerová et al. Post‑COVID syndrom - definice, diagnostika a klasifikace, stručný poziční dokument ČPFS ČLS JEP (leden 2021) Dostupné z DOI: http://www.pneumologie.cz/novinka/1755/post‑covid‑syndrom‑definice‑diagnostika‑a-klasifikace‑strucny‑pozicni‑dokument/
  21. Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I et al. Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Nov 1; 5(11): 1265-1273. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557. PMID: 32730619; PMCID: PMC7385689. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Malas MB, Naazie IN, Elsayed N et al. Thromboembolism risk of COVID-19 is high and associated with a higher risk of mortality: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2020; 29:100639 (ISSN 2589-5370) Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Moores LK, Tritschler T, Brosnahan S et al. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of VTE in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2020; 158(3): 1143-1163. Dostupné z DOI: doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020. 05. 559 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Troyer E, Jokn J, Hong KS. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms Brain Behavior and Immunity. April 2020. 87 Dostupné z DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020. 04. 027 Go to original source...
  25. KS‑S Leung, TT‑L Ng, AK‑L Wu et al. A territory‑wide study of early COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong community: a clinical, epidemiological and phylogenomic investigation medRxiv (2020) published online April 7. Dostupné z DOI: 10.1101/2020. 03. 30.20045740 Go to original source...
  26. Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere‑Jehl R et al. Neurologic Features in Severe SARS‑CoV-2 Infection. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 4; 382(23): 2268-2270. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2008597. Epub 2020 Apr 15. PMID: 32294339; PMCID: PMC7179967. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Zazzara MB, Penfold RS, Roberts AL et al. Probable delirium is a presenting symptom of COVID-19 in frail, older adults: a cohort study of 322 hospitalised and 535 community‑based older adults. Age Ageing. 2020 Sep 28:afaa223. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa223. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32986799; PMCID: PMC7543251. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. a na www.casopisvnitrnilekarstvi.cz
  29. Rogers, J.P et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta‑analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2020. Dostupné z DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross‑sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul; 87: 11-17. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020. 03. 028. Epub 2020 Mar 30. PMID: 32240764; PMCID: PMC7118532. Go to original source...
  31. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Mar 2; 3(3): e203976. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976. PMID: 32202646; PMCID: PMC7090843. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  32. Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR et al. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Nov 9:S2215-0366(20)30462-4. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30462-4. Epub ahead of print. Erratum in: Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Nov 12: PMID: 33181098. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Rapalino OA, Weerasekera S, Moum J et al. "Brain MR Spectroscopic Findings in 3 Consecutive Patients with COVID-19: Preliminary Observations". AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 29. říjen 2020. Dostupné z DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6877. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. Ramcharan T, Nolan O, Lai CY et al. Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: Temporally Associated with SARS‑CoV-2 (PIMS‑TS): Cardiac Features, Management and Short‑Term Outcomes at a UK Tertiary Paediatric Hospital. Pediatr Cardiol. 2020; 41(7): 1391-1401. Dostupné z DOI: doi:10.1007/s00246-020-02391-2 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  35. Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A'Court C et al. Management of post‑acute covid-19 in primary care BMJ 2020 Aug 11;370:m3026. Dostupné z DOI: Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3026. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  36. Arnold DT, Hamilton FW, Milne A et al. Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow‑up: results from a prospective UK cohort Thorax. 2020 Dec 3:thoraxjnl-2020-216086. Dostupné z DOI: doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216086. Online ahead of print. PMID: 33273026 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...




Vnitřní lékařství

Madam, Sir,
please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

I declare:

  1. that I have met the above instruction
  2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited


No

Yes

If your statement is not true, please be aware
that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.