Vnitr Lek 2013, 59(8):707-711

Cardiorenal syndrome by heart failure

J. Vítovec^1,*, J. Murín², L. Špinarová¹, L. Vítovcová³, J. Špinar⁴

¹ I. interní kardio-angiologická klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN u sv. Anny, ICRC Brno, přednostka prof. MUDr. Lenka Špinarová, Ph.D., FESC

² I. interná klinika Lekárskej fakulty UK a UN Bratislava, Slovenská republika, prednostka doc. MUDr. Soňa Kiňová, PhD.

³ II. interní klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN u sv. Anny Brno, přednosta prof. MUDr. Miroslav Souček, CSc.

⁴ Interní kardiologická klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice, přednosta prof. MUDr. Jindřich Špinar, CSc., FESC

Cardiorenal (CR) syndrome is defined for the purposes of the following text mainly as primary cardiac dysfunction with a consequent failure of renal haemodynamics. Heart failure leads to a decrease in cardiac output and to the activation of vasoconstrictors; this gradually precipitates a decrease in the level of renal perfusion, the vasoconstriction of renal vessels and a decrease in glomerular filtration with a gradual development of renal failure. The following paper analyses the pathophysiological mechanisms, the characteristics of the patients, the role of medication during CR syndrome, the relationship between proteinuria and anaemia during CR syndrome and the application of biomarkers and pulmonary hypertension in the prognosis of patients with CR syndrome.

Keywords: heart failure; renal failure; prognosis; treatment

Received: June 3, 2013; Published: August 1, 2013  Show citation