Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(Suppl 1):41-69

Fibrilace síní. Doporučený diagnostický a léčebný postup České kardiologické společnosti vypracovaný Pracovní skupinou arytmie a trvalé kardiostimulace

R. Čihák1,*, P. Heinc2, L. Haman3, M. Fiala4, P. Neužil5, O. Toman6
1 Klinika kardiologie IKEM Praha, přednosta prof. MUDr. Josef Kautzner, CSc., FESC
2 I. interní klinika - kardiologická Lékařské fakulty UP a FN Olomouc, přednosta doc. MUDr. Miloš Táborský, CSc., FESC, MBA
3 I. interní kardio-angiologická klinika Lékařské fakulty UK a FN Hradec Králové, přednosta prof. MUDr. Jan Vojáček, DrSc., FESC
4 Oddělení kardiologie, Nemocnice Podlesí a.s., Třinec, přednosta prim. MUDr. Marian Branny
5 Kardiocentrum Nemocnice Na Homolce Praha, přednosta prim. MUDr. Štěpán Černý, CSc.
6 Interní kardiologická klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice, přednosta prof. MUDr. Jindřich Špinar, CSc., FESC

Received: January 19, 2012; Published: February 1, 2012  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Čihák R, Heinc P, Haman L, Fiala M, Neužil P, Toman O. Fibrilace síní. Doporučený diagnostický a léčebný postup České kardiologické společnosti vypracovaný Pracovní skupinou arytmie a trvalé kardiostimulace. Vnitr Lek. 2012;58(Supplementum 1):41-69.
Download citation

References

  1. Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS et al. American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force; European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines; European Heart Rhythm Association; Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: full text. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for practice guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation) developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2006, 8: 651-645. Go to PubMed...
  2. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY et al. European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 2369-2429. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  3. Wann LS, Curtis AB, January CT et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (updating the 2006 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2011; 123: 104-123. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Wann LS, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update on the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (Updating on Dabigatran). J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 1330-1337. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Čihák R, Heinc P. Doporučení pro léčbu pacientů s fibrilací síní. Cor Vasa 2004; 46: K67-K77.
  6. Kirchhof P, Auricchio A, Bax J et al Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2803-2817. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Jahangir A, Lee V, Friedman PA et al. Long-term progression and outcomes with aging in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: a 30-year follow-up study. Circulation 2007; 115: 3050-3056. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. de Vos CB, Pisters R, Nieuwlaat R et al. Progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation clinical correlates and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 725-731. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. Nieuwlaat R, Capucci A, Camm AJ et al. European Heart Survey Investigators. Atrial fibrillation management: a prospective survey in ESC member countries: the EuroHeart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 2422-2434. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Nabauer M, Gerth A, Limbourg T et al. The Registry of the German Competence NETwork on Atrial Fibrillation: patient characteristics and initial management. Europace 2009; 11: 423-434. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Kostin S, Klein G, Szalay Z et al. Structural correlate of atrial fibrillation in human patients. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 54: 361-379. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Boldt A, Wetzel U, Lauschke J et al. Fibrosis in the left atrial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation with and without underlying mitral valve disease. Heart 2004; 90: 400-405. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Spach MS, Boineau JP. Microfibrosis produces electrical load variation due to loss of side-to-side cell connections: A major mechanism of structural heart disease arrhythmias. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997; 20: 397-413. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Li D, Fareh S, Leung TK et al. Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs: Atrial remodeling of a different sort. Circulation 1999; 100: 87-95. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  15. Ausma J, Wijffels M, Thoné F et al. Structural changes of atrial myocardium due to sustained atrial fibrillation in the goat. Circulation 1997; 96: 3157-3163. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Goette A, Staack T, Röcken C et al. Increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and angiotenzin-converting enzyme in human atria during atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1669-1677. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Li D, Shinagawa K, Pang L et al. Effects of angiotenzin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure. Circulation 2001; 104: 2608-2614. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Kumagai K, Nakashima H, Urata H et al. Effects of angiotenzin II type 1 receptor antagonist on electrical and structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 2197-2204. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Boldt A, Scholl A, Garbade J et al. ACE-inhibitor treatment attenuates atrial structural remodeling in patients with lone chronic atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2006; 101: 261-267. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Fiala M, Wichterle D, Chovančík J et al. Left atrial voltage during atrial fibrillation in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2010; 33: 541-548. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Kuppahally SS, Akoum N, Burgon NS et al. Left atrial strain and strain rate in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Relationship to left atrial structural remodeling detected by delayed-enhancement MRI. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3: 231-239. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA 2001; 285: 2370-2375. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A et al. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 949-953. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP et al. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2004; 110: 1042-1046. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  25. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998; 98: 946-952. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991; 22: 983-988. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Friberg L, Hammar N, Rosenqvist M. Stroke in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: report from the Stockholm Cohort of Atrial Fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 967-975. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Frost L, Engholm G, Johnsen S et al. Incident thromboembolism in the aorta and the renal, mesenteric, pelvic, and extremity arteries after discharge from the hospital with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 272-276. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  29. Knecht S, Oelschläger C, Duning T et al. Atrial fibrillation in stroke-free patients is associated with memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 2125-2132. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Thrall G, Lane D, Carroll D et al. Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Am J Med 2006; 119; 448: e1-e19. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  31. Bulková V, Fiala M, Chovančík J et al. Analýza nákladů na léčbu u pacientů s fibrilací síní v České republice. Cor Vasa 2008; 50: 23-27. Go to original source...
  32. Lip GY, Lim HS. Atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 981-993. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Hughes M, Lip GY. Guideline Development Group. National Clinical Guideline for Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Primary and Secondary Care, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of stroke risk factors, risk stratification schema and cost effectiveness data. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 295-304. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Working Group. Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Neurology 2007; 69: 546-554. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  35. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137: 263-272. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  36. Schmitt J, Duray G, Gersh BJ et al. Atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review of the incidence, clinical features and prognostic implications. Eur Heart J 2009; 30: 1038-1045. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  37. Mant J, Hobbs FD, Fletcher K et al. BAFTA investigators; Midland Research Practices Network (MidReC). Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 493-503. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  38. Connolly S, Pogue J, Hart R et al. ACTIVE Writing Group of the ACTIVE Investigators. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 367: 1903-1912. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  39. ACTIVE Investigators. Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Hart RG et al. Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 2066-2078. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  40. Connoly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S et al. RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1139-1151. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  41. Patel MR, Mahafey KW, Garg J et al. ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 883-891. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  42. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al. ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Engl J Med 2011; 365: 981-992. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  43. Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE Jr et al. American Heart Association; American College of Cardiology; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; American College of Surgeons; American Dental Association; American College of Physicians. Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: A science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 734-739. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  44. Brilakis ES, Banerjee S, Berger PB. Perioperative management of patients with coronary stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 2145-2150. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  45. Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP et al. The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1825-1833. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  46. Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA et al. Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Study Group. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1834-1840. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  47. Roy D, Talajic M, Nattel S et al. Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure Investigators. Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2667-2677. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  48. Page RL, Kerber RE, Russell JK et al. BiCard Investigators. Biphasic versus monophasic shock waveform for conversion of atrial fibrillation: the results of an international randomized, double-blind multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1956-1963. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  49. Kirchhof P, Eckardt L, Loh P et al. Anterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 1275-1279. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  50. Arnold AZ, Mick MJ, Mazurek RP et al. Role of prophylactic anticoagulation for direct current cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 851-855. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  51. Manios EG, Mavrakis HE, Kanoupakis EM et al. Effects of amiodarone and diltiazem on persistent atrial fibrillation conversion and recurrence rates: a randomized controlled study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2003; 17: 31-39. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  52. Bianconi L, Mennuni M, Lukic V et al. Effects of oral propafenone administration before electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation: a placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 700-706. Go to original source...
  53. Roy D, Pratt CM, Torp-Pedersen C et al. Atrial Arrhythmia Conversion Trial Investigators. Vernakalant hydrochloride for the rapid conversion of the atrial fibrillation: a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 2008; 117: 1518-1525. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  54. Camm AJ, Capucci A, Hohnloser SH et al. AVRO Investigators. A randomized active-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of vernakalant to amiodaron in recent-onset atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 313-321. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  55. Hohnloser SH, Crijns HJ, van Eickels M et al. ATHENA Investigators. Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 668-678. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  56. Connoly SJ, Camm AJ, Halperin JL. PSALLAS Investigators. Dronedarone in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 2268-2276. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  57. Van Gelder IC, Groenveld HF, Crijns HJ et al. RACE II Investigators. Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1363-1373. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  58. Zhang Y, Zhang P, MuY et al. The role of renin-angiotenzin blockade therapy in prevention of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88: 521-531. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  59. GISSI-AF Investigators, Disertori M, Latini R, Barlera S et al. Valsartan for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1606-1617. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  60. ACTIVE I Investigators, Yusuf S, Healey JS, Pogue J et al. Irbesartan in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 928-938. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  61. Savelieva I, Camm AJ. Statins and polyunsaturated fatty acids for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2008; 5: 30-41. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  62. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices); American Association for Thoracic Surgery; Society of Thoracic Surgeons. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices) developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: e1-e62. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  63. Táborský M et al. Zásady pro implantace kardiostimulátorů, implantabilních kardioverterů-defibrilátorů a systémů pro srdeční desynchronizační léčbu. Cor Vasa 2009; 51: 602-618. Go to original source...
  64. Dickstein K, Vardas PE, Auricchio A et al. Committee for Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. 2010 focused update of ESC Guidelines on device therapy in heart failure: an update of the 2008 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and the 2007 ESC Guidelines for cardiac and resynchronization therapy. Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 12: 1143-1153.
  65. Brignole M, Gianfranchi L, Menozzi C et al. Influence of atrioventricular junction radiofrequency ablation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter on quality of life and cardiac performance. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 74: 242-246. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  66. Marshall HJ, Harris ZI, Griffith MJ et al. Prospective randomized study of ablation and pacing versus medical therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: effects of pacing mode and mode-switch algorithm. Circulation 1999; 99: 1587-1592. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  67. Weerasooryia R, Davis M, Powel A et al. The Australian Intervention Randomized Control of Rate in Atrial Fibrillation Trial (AIRCRAFT). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1697-1702. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  68. Gasparini M, Auricchio A, Regoli F et al. Four-year efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy on exercise tolerance and disease progression: the importance of performing atrioventricular junction ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 734-743. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  69. Gasparini M, Auricchio A, Metra M et al. Multicentre Longitudinal Observational Study (MILOS) Group. Long-term survival in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy: the importance of performing atrio-ventricular junction ablation in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 1644-1652. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  70. Linde C, Leclercq C, Rex S et al. Long-term benefits of biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure: results from the Multisite Stimulation in Cardiomyopathy (MUSTIC) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 111-118. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  71. Leclercq C, Walker S, Linde C et al. Comparative effects of permanent biventricular and right atrial pacing in heart failure patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 1780-1787. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  72. Brignole M, Gammage M, Puggioni E et al. Optimal Pacing SITE (OPSITE) Study Investigators. Comparative assessment of right, left, and biventgricular pacing in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 712-722. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  73. Doshi RN, Daoud EG, Fellows C et al. Left ventricular-based cardiac stimulation post AV nodal ablation evaluation (the PAVE study). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005; 16: 1160-1165. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  74. Khan MN, Jaïs P, Cummings JE et al. PABA-CHF Investigators. Pulmonary-Vein Isolation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure. N Engl J M 2008; 359: 1778-1785. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  75. Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Shah DC et al. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 659-666. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  76. Haïsssaguerre M, Hocini M, Sanders P et al. Localized sources maintaining atrial fibrillation organized by prior ablation. Circulation 2006; 113: 616-625. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  77. Sanders P, Jaïs P, Hocini M et al. Electrical disconnection of the coronary sinus by radiofrequency catheter ablation to isolate a trigger of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2004; 15: 364-368. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  78. Hwang C, Wu TJ, Doshi RN et al. Vein of Marshall cannulation for the analysis of electrical activity in patients with focal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2000; 101: 1503-1505. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  79. Chen PS, Wu TS, Hwang C et al. Thoracic veins and the mechanism of nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 54: 295-301. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  80. Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E et al. A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mapping and the electrophysiologic substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 2044-2053. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  81. Haïsssaguerre M, Sanders P, Hocini M et al. Catheter ablation of long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: critical structures for termination. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005; 16: 1125-1137. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  82. Jaïs P, Hocini M, Hsu LI et al. Techniques and results of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus. Circulation 2004; 110: 2996-3002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  83. Scherlag BJ, Yamanashi W, Patel U et al. Autonomically induced conversion of pulmonary vein focal firing into atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 1878-1886. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  84. Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Shah DC et al. Electrophysiological endpoint for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from multiple pulmonary venous foci. Circulation 2000; 101: 1409-1417. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  85. Pappone C, Rosanio S, Oreto G et al. Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: a new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2000; 102: 2619-2628. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  86. Fiala M, Chovančík J, Nevřalová R et al. Termination of long-lasting persistent versus short-lasting persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by ablation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008; 31: 985-997. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  87. Tzou WS, Marchlinski FE, Zado ES et al. Long-term outcome after successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010; 3: 237-242. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  88. Cappato R, Calkins H, Chen SA et al. Updated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010; 3: 32-38. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  89. Wazni OM, Marrouche NF, Martin DO et al. Radiofrequency ablation vs Antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 2634-2640. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  90. Pappone C, Augello G, Sala S et al. A randomized trial of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy in paroxysmal atril fibrillation. The APAF study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 2340-2347. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  91. Jaïs P, Cauchemez B, Macle L et al. Catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: the A4 study. Circulation 2008: 118: 2498-2505. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  92. Wilber DJ, Pappone C, Neuzil P et al. Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010; 303: 333-340. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  93. Wokhlu A, Monahan KH, Hodge DO et al. Long-term quality of life after ablation of atrial fibrillation: the impact of recurrence symptom relief, and placebo effect. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 2308-2316. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  94. Bulková V, Fiala M, Haman L et al. Zlepšení kvality života po ablaci dlouhodobě perzistentní versus paroxyzmální fibrilace síní: výsledky dvouletého sledování. Vnitř Lék 2011; 57: 456-461. Go to PubMed...
  95. Takahashi Y, O'Neill MD, Hocini M et al. Effects of stepwise ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation on atrial electrical and mechanical properties. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 1306-1314. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  96. Hsu LF, Jaïs P, Sanders P et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 2373-2383. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  97. Oral H, Chugh A, Özaydin M et al. Risk of thromboembolic events after percutaneous left atrial radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2006; 114: 759-765. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  98. Nademanee K, Schwab MC, Kosar EM et al. Clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 843-849. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  99. Themistoclakis S, Corrado A, Marchlinski FE et al. The risk of thromboembolism and need for oral anticoagulation after successful atrial fibrillation ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 735-743. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  100. Bunch TJ, Crandall BG, Weiss P et al. Patients treated with catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation have long-term rates of death, stroke, and dementia similar to patients without atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011; 22: 1-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  101. Kernis SJ, Nkomo VT, Messika-Zeitoun D et al. Atrial fibrillation after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation in sinus rhythm: incidence, outcome and determinants. Circulation 2004; 110: 2320-2325. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  102. Cox JL, Boineau JP, Schusler RB et al. Five-year experience with the Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56: 814-824. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  103. Melo J, Adragão P, Neves J et al. Endocardial and epicardial radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation with a new intra-operative device. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000; 18: 182-186. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  104. Ghavidel AA, Javadpour H, Shafiee M et al. Cryoablation for surgical treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation combined with mitral valve surgery: a clinical observation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008; 33: 1043-1048. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  105. Calkins H, Brugada J, Packer DL et al. EHRA/ECAS Expert consensus statement on catheter and srugical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendation for personnel, policy, procedures and follow up: a report of the HRS task force oncatheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation developed in partnership with the EHRA and ECAS in collaboration with the ACC, AHA. Europace 2007; 9: 335-379. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  106. Pagé P, CCS Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines Committee. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines 2010: Surgical Therapy. Can J Cardiol 2011; 27: 67-73. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  107. Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG et al. PROTECT AF Investigators. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised noninferiority trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 534-542. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  108. Reddy VY, Holmes D, Doshi SK et al. Safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: results from the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with AF (PROTECT AF) clinical trial and the Continued Access Registry. Circulation 2011; 123: 417-424. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...




Vnitřní lékařství

Madam, Sir,
please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

I declare:

  1. that I have met the above instruction
  2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited


No

Yes

If your statement is not true, please be aware
that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.