Vnitr Lek 2006, 52(10):919-925
Incretins
- Endokrinologický ústav, Praha, ředitel doc. MUDr. Vojtěch Hainer, CSc.
Insulin secretion is greater after peroral challenge than after intravenous glucose administration due to so-called incretin effect. The major incretins are glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide. Physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications of incretins in diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and stress-induced hyperglycemia are concerned.
Keywords: incretin; glucagon-like peptid 1; glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; incretin analogues; dipeptidyl peptidase 4
Received: June 12, 2006; Published: October 1, 2006 Show citation
References
- Creutzfeldt W. The incretin concept today. Diabetologia 1979; 16: 75-85.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Meier JJ, Nauck MA. Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in biology and pathology. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005; 21: 91-117.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Bell GI, Santerre RF, Mullenbach GT. Hamster preproglucagon contains the sequence of glucagon and two related peptides. Nature 1983; 302: 716-718.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Clinical endocrinology and metabolism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 18: 531-554.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Beinborn M, Worrall CI, McBride EW et al. A human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor polymorphism results in reduced agonist responsiveness. Regul Pept 2005; 130: 1-6.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Ahren B. Sensory nerves contribute to insulin secretion by glucagon-like peptide-1 in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286: R269-R272.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Verdich C, Flint A, Gutzwiller JP et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide on ad libitum energy intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4382-4389.
Go to original source...
- Perry Ta And Greig Nh. A new Alzheimer's disease interventive strategy: GLP-1. Curr Drug Targets 2004; 5: 565-571.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Young AA, Gedulin BR, Bhavsar S et al. Glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions of exendin-4: studies in obese diabetic (ob/ob, db/db) mice, diabetic fatty Zucker rats, and diabetic rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Diabetes 1999; 48: 1026-1034.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Hansotia T, Drucker DJ. GIP and GLP-1 as incretin hormones: lessons from single and double incretin receptor knockout mice. Regul Pept 2005; 128: 125-134.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Nauck MA, Bartels E, Orskov C et al. Additive insulinotropic effects of exogenous synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide infused at near-physiological insulinotropic hormone and glucose concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 912-917.
Go to original source...
- Toft-Nielsen MB, Damholt MB, Madsbad S et al. Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 3717-3723.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Meier JJ, Hucking K, Holst JJ et al. Reduced insulinotropic effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2001; 50: 2497-2504.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Vilsboll T, Krarup T, Madsbad S et al. Defective amplification of the late phase insulin response to glucose by GIP in obese Type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 1111-1119.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Vilsboll T, Knop FK, Krarup T et al. The pathophysiology of diabetes involves a defective amplification of the late-phase insulin response to glucose by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide-regardless of etiology and phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88: 4897-4903.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Schmidt WE et al. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: the neglected incretin revisited. Regul Pept 2002; 107: 1-13.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Zander M, Madsbad S, Madsen JL et al. Effect of 6-week course of glucagon-like peptide 1 on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes: a parallel-group study. Lancet 2002; 359: 824-830.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Krarup T, Madsbad S, Moody AJ et al. Diminished immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to a meal in newly diagnosed type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 56: 1306-1312.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Holst JJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1: from extract to agent. The Claude Bernard Lecture, 2005. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 253-260.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Ceriello A. Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat? Diabetes 2005; 54: 1-7.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c). Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 881-885.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Purnell JQ, Hokanson JE, Marcovina SM et al. Effect of excessive weight gain with intensive therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Jama 1998; 280: 140-146.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Heine RJ, Van Gaal LF, Johns D et al. Exenatide versus insulin glargine in patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143: 559-569.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Madsbad S, Schmitz O, Ranstam J et al. Improved glycemic control with no weight increase in patients with type 2 diabetes after once-daily treatment with the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 analog liraglutide (NN2211): a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1335-1342.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Ahren B, Pacini G, Foley JE et al. Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1936-1940.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Mari A, Sallas WM, He YLet al. Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, improves model-assessed beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 4888-4894.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Meier JJ, Weyhe D, Michaely M et al. Intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 normalizes blood glucose after major surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 848-851.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...